Search # to go to Page Search * to go to Sections * Cambodia Disability-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DiDRR) Handbook Logo: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Asia-Pacific Development Center on Disability (APCD) * #Page 3 Table of Contents Authors 4 Section 1:Introduction 4 Section 2:Principles 7 Definition 7 Vulnerability 8 Social Media 8 Inclusion 9 Universal Design 9 Accessibility 10 Section 3:How to use the accessible Handbook 10 A.) Role and Resources 10 B.) Materials 11 Target Participants 11 Framework of Training 12 #Page 4 Author Miss Keorithea Um Official Staff, Department of Administration and Human Resources Management National Social Assistance Fund (NSAF) Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation Section 1 : Introduction Table 1. Summary Natural Disasters in Cambodia, 1987-2007 No. of Events/Killed/Injured/Homeless/Population Affected/Damage USD$ (in 000's) - Flood/No. of Events 12/ Killed 1125/Injured 53/Homeless 275805/Population Affected 9514614/Damage USD$ (in 000's) 327100 - Avg.per event/No. of Events -/Killed 94/ Injured 4/ Homeless 22984/ Population Affected 792885/ Damage USD$ (in 000's) 27258 - Drought/No. of Events 5/Killed 0/Injured 0/Homeless 0/Population Affected 6550000/Damage USD$ (in 000's) 138000 - Avg.per event /No. of Events 0/ Killed 0/ Injured 0/ Homeless 0/ Population Affected 1310000/ Damage USD$ (in 000's) 27600 - Epidemic/No. of Events 8/Killed 788/ Injured 0/Homeless 0/Population Affected 413570/ Damage USD$ (in 000's) 0 - Avg.per event/No. of Events 0/ Killed 99/ Injured 0/ Homeless 0/ Population Affected 51696/ Damage USD$ (in 000's) 0 Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, www.em-dat.net - Université catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the process of reducing the risk of disaster to people and property. It involves a range of activities, such as identifying and assessing hazards, reducing vulnerability, and strengthening resilience. People with disability are more vulnerable to disasters caused by natural hazards than others (Hisamatsu, 2013; Kaiser et al., 2007; Tatsuki, 2012) and are less likely to be included in community disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities - creating profound inequity across the disaster risk management cycle. During disasters, people with disability are the first to be left behind and the last to be rescued and they are two-to-four times more likely to be or injured or die in disasters than others. #Page 5 Multiple categories of social, environmental and demographic vulnerability intersect with disability (including unsafe or insecure housing, isolation, limited social support, stigma that causes people to be left behind and not helped) and often combine with secondary health conditions to place people with disability at significant risk during disasters. People with disability have the right to be active participants in decisions that affect them. To ensure community resilience, people with disability need to be included in disaster risk management but they have largely been excluded from frequently used community engagement methods designed to increase individual disaster self-reliance. This perpetuates inequity and increases vulnerability because their support needs in emergencies are not understood. In Cambodia, almost all disasters are flood and drought related disasters. Hence this link document will focus more specifically on flood risk management. However, principles of risk management involved for this can also be readily applicable to all disasters (or even man-made disasters like oil spills and terrorist attacks) with appropriate variations as applicable, essentially predetermined. Individuals with disabilities may have difficulty evacuating to safety during a disaster, especially if they have mobility impairments or rely on assistive devices. They may face the difficulties such as accessing food, water, and shelter during and after a disaster, communicating with emergency responders during a disaster and being be more vulnerable to violence and abuse in the aftermath of a disaster. #Page 6 Cambodia is one of the most disasters affected countries in all of South East Asia and the impact of these disasters is most felt in the rural areas where it is estimated that 80% of the poor reside (CSES, 2004). Over the last 10 years, Cambodia has been affected by a series of exceptional floods and by widespread but highly localized agricultural droughts. As a result, the government has become aware that without serious efforts in risk reduction, disasters will increasingly become a serious obstacle to the achievement of the country’s development aspirations, particularly to its highest priority of poverty reduction. Fortunately, in July 2022, Cambodia team was invited to participated in online course on DiDRR which is conducted by Asia-Pacific Development Center on Disability (APCD) and sponsored by Thailand International Cooperation Agency (TICA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). In addition, the course continued to conduct onsite training on 5 – 11 February 2023 in Pathumthani and Bangkok, Thailand on “Strengthening Disability-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction in the ASEAN Region”. Frequency, the 2nd training course was also conducted on 9 – 22 July, 2023 in Phuket and Bangkok, Thailand under the title “Strengthening Disability- Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DiDRR) in the ASEAN Region Course 2: Training of Trainers (ToT) on Disability-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DiDRR): Development of Recommendations and Handbook”. That is why this handbook is prepared as well as to respond for Disaster risk reduction which is essential for protecting the rights and lives of individuals with disabilities. #Page 7 Section 2 : Principles Definition Flood: Extreme weather events such as storms or typhoons are not usually considered a major problem in Cambodia because the country is protected by surrounding mountain ranges. However, storms do occasionally affect the country with most of the storm-related damage caused by localized floods associated with heavy rain. Tropical storms can also affect the level of Mekong River flooding experienced on a given year. The storm incursions into the Mekong basin spread from the South China Sea towards the east and Southeast across Vietnam and the Southern China. Greatest damage occurs when these arrive during September and October when the seasonal discharge of the Mekong River is already high and a second significant peak to the annual flood is generated (MRC 2007). Drought: is considered a period of abnormal dry weather that causes serious hydrological imbalance in the area. Under a normal year, typical rainfall distribution from May to October and the heavy rainfall from August till mid-October with a dry spell for about 2 to 3 weeks in between July and August. In a year when this dry period is extended too long, an agricultural drought could occur in addition to the late rain and early end of rainy season. #Page 8 Disaster Risk Reduction: The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development. Vulnerability: The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. 1. Social Model: The social model of disability says that disability is caused by the way society is organized, rather than by a person’s impairment or difference. It looks at ways of removing barriers that restrict life choices for disabled people. When barriers are removed, disabled people can be independent and equal in society, with choice and control over their own lives. #Page 9 2. Inclusion: Including people with disabilities in everyday activities and encouraging them to have roles similar to their peers who do not have a disability is disability inclusion. This involves more than simply encouraging people; it requires making sure that adequate policies and practices are in effect in a community or organization. Inclusion should lead to increased participation in socially expected life roles and activities—such as being a student, worker, friend, community member, patient, spouse, partner, or parent. 3. Universal Design: Universal design means planning to build physical, learning and work environments so that they are usable by a wide range of people, regardless of age, size or disability status. While universal design promotes access for individuals with disabilities, it also benefits others. #Page 10 4. Accessibility: is when the needs of people with disabilities are specifically considered, and products, services, and facilities are built or modified so that they can be used by people of all abilities. Here are a few examples of accessibility: Parking spaces are close to entrances. Section 3 : How to use the accessible Handbook A.) Role and Resources: Facilitators: The facilitator should be person with and without disabilities who play a role in disabilities organizations or government sectors. Resources persons or representative: o Representative from National Social Assistance Fund (NSAF). o Representative from National Committee Disaster Management (NCDM): they would be an ideal human resource whom are working on DRR. o Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation. #Page 11 B.) Materials: Handout: should be documents, books, leaflet, flip chat, whiteboard, marker, etc. Videos about good practices from nearby country which is in the similar disaster situation to Cambodia. Large font (if participants with low visual impairment) Braille (provided for people with visual impairments) Picture (for participants with intellectual disabilities) Target Participants Vulnerable group of people: people with disabilities, elderly, infant and pregnancy. Community officers, neighborhoods and family having disabilities members Prioritize to the location might have disaster about to happen. Local Disabled People Organization (DPO): they are considered ass the skillful resource on disabilities advocacy; they would raise the special needs and challenges of PWDs are facing. #Page 12 Framework of Training The training supposed to conduct in 2 days training which will be held during Jan – Mar 2024 with the following timeframe: Time/Half day Objectives/To provide the knowledge and good practices and to learn from them. Key contents/Sharing session about DiDRR and the site training at Thailand in February and July 2023. Materials/Handouts/Documents, Videos on good practices from ASEAN Country, and tools received from APCD Time/Full day Objectives/ -To ensure DRR and DIDRR are linked - To raise the need of PWDs with inclusiveness & accessibility Key contents/ - DRR knowledge connected to DiDRR - Disability inclusion: type of disabilities, challenging, the need of PWDs, and providing accessibility Materials/Handouts Documents and tools received from APCD Evaluation Process/Pre and post evaluation Evaluation Tools/Pre and post evaluation form Time/Full day Objectives/ To provide the PWDs to realize where they can find the resources/ social support. Key contents/ Introductory to: - Social protection to PWDs: National Policy provided to PWDs Materials/Handouts/Documents The UN ESCAP’s E-Learning Tool, “It is Our Responsibility,” focuses on incorporating disability perspectives to all phases of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). It promotes awareness of Disability-Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction (DiDRR) and urges the involvement of the whole society for the benefit of all. Over the 7 modules, the course offers fresh insights on disability and provides actionable recommendations for inclusive DRR practices. The tool targets DRR policy makers and professionals at all levels to develop and implement disability-inclusive policies with the meaningful participation of organizations of persons with disabilities. Course takers will receive an ESCAP certificate. #Page 16 * Accessible for Persons with Disabilities Asia-Pacific Development Center on Disability 255 Rajvithi Rd., Rajthevi, Bangkok 10400 Thailand Tel: +66-(0)-2354-7505 | Fax: +66-(0)-2354-7507 Email: info@apcdfoundation.org | Website: www.apcdfoundation.org